Reverse engineering technology - material and substance investigation
Introduction

When using reverse engineering to repair old machinery and restore parts, one of the biggest headaches is determining the material of the parts.
If the part is made from the same material as the damaged part, some people may think that since the original part is still available, it would be easy to distinguish by measuring it with a measuring tool or by looking at the color, but this is not always the case.
In this column, we will discuss material identification issues and methods for determining materials and quality.
Why is it difficult to identify materials?
1. Wide variety

For example, stainless steel, which is known for being rust-resistant, can be roughly classified into austenitic, ferritic, and martensitic types based on its properties.
They are further classified according to their uses and the ingredients they contain, so there are a huge number of different types.
Therefore, it is not easy to identify them by their purpose or appearance.
2. It is difficult to distinguish by appearance

Although the color and luster vary depending on the material, they are generally silver in color.
Identifying by color is extremely difficult, and it becomes even more difficult if the surface is plated or painted.
3. Measuring materials is difficult

There are handy X-ray fluorescence analyzers that can be easily used to measure metal materials, but they have a weakness in that they are not suitable for measuring carbon content.
To accurately measure the amount of carbon, carbon and sulfur analyzers (combustion method) are available, but this has the drawback of requiring the removal of part of the material being tested, which can damage the original part.
So how do you choose the right material for parts when reverse engineering? We will cover some important points in our next column.
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